First and Corresponding Authored Publications

44. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Dorfman, S., Hartinger, M. D., Raptis, S., Zhang, K., & Zhao, S. (2026). Relationship between magnetosheath ULF waves and ground-based Pc3-4 waves: A statistical study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 131, e2025JA034763. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034763

43. Zhao, S., Yan, H., Liu, T. Z., & Hou, C. (2025). Mode Composition Shapes Magnetic Anisotropy in Solar Wind Turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal, 996(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae2866

42. Liu, T. Z., An, X., Angelopoulos, V., & Poppe, A. R. (2025). ARTEMIS Observations of Electrostatic Shocks inside the Lunar Wake. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 990(2), L36. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adfcc7

41. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Dorfman, S., Hartinger, M. D., Zhang, K., Raptis, S., & Ma, D. (2025). Statistical relationship between foreshock ULF wave power and ground-based Pc3-4 wave power. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 130, e2025JA033760. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA033760

40. Zhao, S., Yan, H., & Liu, T. Z. (2025). Observations of Turbulence and Particle Transport at Interplanetary Shocks: Transition of Transport Regimes. The Astrophysical Journal, 985(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc378

39. Lu, X., Liu, T., Chen, X., Otto, A., & Zhang, H. (2025, January 10). Simultaneous observations of MHD hot flow anomaly and kinetic foreshock bubble and their impacts. Frontiers in Physics. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1503092

38. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Nishimura, Y., Shen, Y., Shi, X., & Hartinger, M. D. (2024). Near-earth reconnection contributing to recovery phase of geomagnetic storm. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL112730. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112730

37. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., An, X., & Madanian, H. (2024). ARTEMIS observations of lunar crustal field-solar wind interaction and impact on reflected plasma under weak radial IMF. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA033217. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033217

36. Liu, T. Z., Shi, X., Hartinger, M. D., Angelopoulos, V., Rodger, C. J., Viljanen, A., et al. (2024). Global observations of geomagnetically induced currents caused by an extremely intense density pulse during a coronal mass ejection. Space Weather, 22, e2024SW003993. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003993

35. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., & Otto, A. (2024). Observations of compressional structures driven by interaction between foreshock ions and discontinuities. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032803. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032803

34. Vu, A., Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., & Zhang, H. (2024). 2.5-D local hybrid simulations of discontinuity-driven compressional boundaries under various magnetic field geometries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032302

33. Vu, A., Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., & Zhang, H. (2024). 2.5-D local hybrid simulations of hot flow anomalies under various magnetic field geometries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032301

32. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Zhang, H., Vu, A., & Raeder, J. (2024). Magnetosheath ion field-aligned asymmetry and implications for ion leakage to the foreshock. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032339. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032339

31. Zhao, S., Yan, H., Liu, T.Z. et al. Identification of the weak-to-strong transition in Alfvénic turbulence from space plasma. Nat Astron (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02249-0

30. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Vu, A., Zhang, H., Otto, A., & Zhang, K. (2024). THEMIS observations of magnetosheath-origin foreshock ions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA031969. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031969

29. Zhao, S., Yan, H., Liu, T. Z., Yuen, K. H., & Shi, M. (2024). Small-amplitude Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Modulated by Collisionless Damping in Earth’s Magnetosheath: Observation Matches Theory. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad132e

28. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., Vu, A., & Zhang, H. (2023). Foreshock ion motion across discontinuities: Formation of foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA031161. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031161

27. Liu, T. Z., Vu, A., Angelopoulos, V., & Zhang, H. (2023). Analytical model of foreshock ion interaction with a discontinuity: A statistical study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA031162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031162

26. Liu, T. Z., Vu, A., Zhang, H., An, X., & Angelopoulos, V. (2023). Modeling the expansion speed of foreshock bubbles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA030814. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030814

25. Vu, A., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., & Delamere, P. (2023). Parameter Dependencies of Early-Stage Tangential Discontinuity-Driven Foreshock Bubbles in Local Hybrid Simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA030815. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030815

24. Liu, T. Z., Wang, C.-P., Wang, X., Angelopoulos, V., Zhang, H., Lu, X., & Lin, Y. (2022). Magnetospheric field-aligned current generation by foreshock transients: Contribution by flow vortices and pressure gradients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030700. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030700

23. Zhao, S, Yan, H., Liu, T. Z., Liu, M., Wang, H. (2022). Multispacecraft Analysis of the Properties of Magnetohydrodynamic Fluctuations in Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind Turbulence at 1 au. ApJ, 937(2):102, DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac822e

22. Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., Turner, D., Vu, A., & Angelopoulos, V. (2022). Statistical study of favorable foreshock ion properties for the formation of hot flow anomalies and foreshock bubbles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030273. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030273

21. Vu, A., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., & Delamere, P. (2022). Hybrid simulations of a tangential discontinuity-driven foreshock bubble formation in comparison with a hot flow anomaly formation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA029973. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029973

20. Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., Turner, D. L., Goodrich, K. A., An, X., & Zhang, X. (2021). Kinetic-scale magnetic holes inside foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029748. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029748

19. Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., Wang, C.‐P., Angelopoulos, V., Vu, A., Wang, X., & Lin, Y. (2021). Statistical study of foreshock transients in the midtail foreshock. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029156. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029156

18. Liu, T. Z., Hao, Y., Wilson, L. B., Turner, D. L., & Zhang, H. (2021). Magnetospheric multiscale observations of Earth's oblique bow shock reformation by foreshock ultralow‐frequency waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL091184. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091184

17. Liu, T. Z., Wang, C.‐P., Wang, B., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Lin, Y., et al. (2020). ARTEMIS observations of foreshock transients in the midtail foreshock. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL090393. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090393  

16. Liu, T. Z., X. An, H. Zhang, and D. Turner (2020), Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of foreshock transients at their very early stage, ApJ, 902:5 (15pp), https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb249

15. An, X., T. Z. Liu, J. Bortnik, A. Osmane, V. Angelopoulos (2020). Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks. ApJ, 901:73 (16pp), https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaf03

14. Liu, T. Z., Lu, S., Turner, D. L., Gingell, I., Angelopoulos, V., Zhang, H., et al. (2020). Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of magnetic reconnection in foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA027822. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027822

13. Shi, X., Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., & Zhang, X. (2020). Whistler mode waves in the compressional boundary of foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027758. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027758

12. Liu, T. Z., Hietala, H., Angelopoulos, V., Vainio, R., & Omelchenko, Y. (2020). Electron acceleration by magnetosheath jet‐driven bow waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027709. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027709

11. Liu, T. Z., Hietala, H., Angelopoulos, V., Omelchenko, Y., Vainio, R., & Plaschke, F. (2020). Statistical study of magnetosheath jet‐driven bow waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027710. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027710

10. Liu, T. Z., Hietala, H., Angelopoulos, V., Omelchenko, Y., Roytershteyn, V., & Vainio, R. (2019). THEMIS observations of particle acceleration by a magnetosheath jet‐driven bow wave. Geophysical Research Letters, 46. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082614

9. Liu, T. Z., Angelopoulos, V., and Lu, S. (2019), Relativistic electrons generated at Earth’s quasi-parallel bow shock, Science Advances, 5, 7, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw1368

8. Liu, T. Z., Lu, S., Angelopoulos, V., Lin, Y., & Wang, X. Y. (2018). Ion acceleration inside foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024838  

7. Liu, T. Z., S. Lu, V. Angelopoulos, H. Hietala, and L. B. Wilson III (2017), Fermi acceleration of electrons inside foreshock transient cores, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122, doi:10.1002/2017JA024480.

6. Liu, T. Z., V. Angelopoulos, and H. Hietala (2017), Energetic ion leakage from foreshock transient cores, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122, doi:10.1002/2017JA024257.

5. Liu, T. Z., V. Angelopoulos, H. Hietala, and L. B. Wilson III (2017), Statistical study of particle acceleration in the core of foreshock transients, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122, doi:10.1002/2017JA024043. Editor's Highlight

4. Liu, T. Z., D. L. Turner, V. Angelopoulos, and N. Omidi (2016), Multipoint observations of the structure and evolution of foreshock bubbles and their relation to hot flow anomalies, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, doi:10.1002/2016JA022461.

3. Liu, T. Z., H. Hietala, V. Angelopoulos, and D. L. Turner (2016), Observations of a new foreshock region upstream of a foreshock bubble’s shock, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi:10.1002/2016GL068984.  Geophys. Res. Lett. Cover Image

2. Liu, Z., D. L. Turner, V. Angelopoulos, and N. Omidi (2015), THEMIS observations of tangential discontinuity-driven foreshock bubbles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL065842.

1. Liu, Z.-X., J.-S. He, and L.-M. Yan (2014), Observations of counter-propagating Alfvénic and compressive fluctuations in the chromosphere, Res. Astron. Astrophys. 14, 3, doi: 10.1088/1674-4527/14/3/004

Other Publications

50. Madanian, H., & Liu, T. Z. (2026). The Role of Gyrating Ions in Reformation of a Quasi-parallel Supercritical Shock. The Astrophysical Journal, 999(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae3c9e

49. Li, X., Jia, Y.-D., Wang, X., Wei, H., Liu, T. Z., Lin, Y., & Zhang, K. (2025). Evolution of interplanetary small magnetic flux ropes across Earth's bow shock: Global hybrid modeling. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL118529. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL118529

48. An, X., Angelopoulos, V., Liu, T. Z., Artemyev, A., Poppe, A. R., & Ma, D. (2025). Plasma refilling of the lunar wake: Plasma-vacuum interactions, electrostatic shocks, and electromagnetic instabilities. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 130, e2025JA034205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034205

47. Zhang, C., Dong, C., Liu, T. Z., Mazelle, C., Raptis, S., Zhou, H., et al. (2025). Role of ULF waves in reforming the Martian bow shock. AGU Advances, 6, e2025AV001654. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV001654

46. Zhang, C., Dong, C., Zhou, H., Halekas, J., Yamauchi, M., Nilsson, H., Terry, Z., Liu et al. (2025). Anomalous transient enhancement of planetary ion escape at Mars. Nature Communications, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58351-y

45.  Top of Form

Bottom of Form

Turc, L., Archer, M. O., Zhou, H., Pfau‐Kempf, Y., Suni, J., Kajdič, P., et al. (2025). Interplay Between a Foreshock Bubble and a Hot Flow Anomaly Forming Along the Same Rotational Discontinuity. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116473

44. Madanian, H., Pfau-Kempf, Y., Rice, R., Liu, T., Karlsson, T., Raptis, S., et al. (2025). Sunward flows in the magnetosheath associated with the magnetic pressure gradient and magnetosheath expansion. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2025.1574577

43. Raptis, S., Lindberg, M., Liu, T. Z., Turner, D. L., Lalti, A., Zhou, Y., et al. (2025, February 25). Multimission Observations of Relativistic Electrons and High-speed Jets Linked to Shock-generated Transients. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb154

42. Shi, X., Artemyev, A., Angelopoulos, V., Liu, T., & Wilson III, L. B. (2025, January 2). Compound electron acceleration at planetary foreshocks. Nature Communications. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55464-8

41. An, X., Artemyev, A., Angelopoulos, V., Liu, T. Z., Vasko, I., & Malaspina, D. (2024, November 25). Cross-Scale Energy Transfer from Fluid-Scale Alfvén Waves to Kinetic-Scale Ion Acoustic Waves in the Earth’s Magnetopause Boundary Layer. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.225201

40. Madanian, H., Chen, L.-J., Ng, J., Starkey, M. J., Fuselier, S. A., Bessho, N., et al. (2024, November 25). Interaction of the Prominence Plasma within the Magnetic Cloud of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection with the Earth’s Bow Shock. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8579

39. Lu, X., Otto, A., Zhang, H., Liu, T., & Chen, X. (2024). Observations and simulations of a double-core hot flow anomaly. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL110363. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110363

38. Kajdič, P., Blanco-Cano, X., Turc, L., Archer, M., Raptis, S., Liu, T. Z., et al. (2024, July 31). Transient upstream mesoscale structures: drivers of solar-quiet space weather. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2024.1436916

37. Lu, X., Otto, A., Zhang, H., Liu, T., & Chen, X. (2024). The bow shock and magnetosheath responses to density depletion structures. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032566. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032566

36. Grimmich, N., Prencipe, F., Turner, D. L., Liu, T. Z., Plaschke, F., Archer, M. O., et al. (2024). Multi satellite observation of a foreshock bubble causing an extreme magnetopause expansion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032052. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032052

35. Wang, M., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., Liu, K., Shi, Q., Guo, R., et al. (2024). Statistical analysis of whistler precursors upstream of foreshock transient shocks: MMS observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL105617. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105617

34. Shen, Y., Artemyev, A., Angelopoulos, V., Liu, T. Z., & Vasko, I. (2024, January 1). Comparing Plasma Anisotropy Associated with Solar Wind Discontinuities and Alfvénic Fluctuations. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad110b

33. Bai, S.-C., Shi, Q., Zhang, H., Guo, R., Shen, X.-C., Liu, T. Z., et al. (2023). Electron dynamics and whistler-mode waves inside the short large-amplitude magnetic field structures. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031816. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031816

32. Collinson, G. A., et al. (2023). Shocklets and short large amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) in the high mach foreshock of Venus. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL104610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104610

31. Noh, S. J., et al. (2023). Interhemispheric observations of ULF waves caused by foreshock transients under quiet solar wind conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031596. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031596

30. Hao, Y. F. et al. (2023). Particle energization at a high Mach number perpendicular shock: 1-D PIC simulations, ApJ, 954, 1, DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/ace69c

29. Shi, X., A. Artemyev, V. Angelopoulos, T. Liu, and X.-J. Zhang (2023). Evidence of Electron Acceleration via Nonlinear Resonant Interactions with Whistler-mode Waves at Foreshock Transients, ApJ, 952, 38, DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/acd9ab

28. Hou, C. et al. (2023). Efficient Energy Conversion through Vortex Arrays in the Turbulent Magnetosheath, ApJ, 946, 13, DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/acb927

27. Shi, X., T. Liu, A. Artemyev, V. Angelopoulos, X.-J. Zhang, and D. L. Turner (2023). Intense Whistler-mode Waves at Foreshock Transients: Characteristics and Regimes of Wave−Particle Resonant Interaction, ApJ, 944, 193, DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/acb543

26. Zhang, H., and Liu, T. Z. (2022). Travel through the shock. Nat. Phys. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01854-y

25. Vuorinen, L., R. Vainio, H. Hietala, and T. Liu (2022). Monte Carlo Simulations of Electron Acceleration at Bow Waves Driven by Fast Jets in the Earth's Magnetosheath, ApJ, 934, 165. DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7f42

24. Wang, B., Y. Wang, T. Liu, and V. Angelopoulos (2022). The geoeffectiveness of solar wind current sheets and its modulation by foreshock ions, Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL098918. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098918

23. Madanian, H., Liu, T. Z., Phan, T. D., Trattner, K. J., Karlsson, T., & Liemohn, M. W. (2022). Asymmetric interaction of a solar wind reconnecting current sheet and its magnetic hole with Earth’s bow shock and magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA030079. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030079

22. Lu, X., Zhang, H., Liu, T., Vu, A., Pollock, C., & Wang, B. (2022). Statistical study of foreshock density holes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA029981. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029981

21. Artemyev, A. V., Shi, X., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, X.-J., Vasko, I., Angelopoulos, V., & (2022). Electron resonant interaction with whistler waves around foreshock transients and the bow shock behind the terminator. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA029820. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029820

20. Zhang, H., Zong, Q.-G., Connor, H. et al. Dayside transient phenomena and their impact on the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Space Sci Rev (2022). DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00865-0

19. Vu, A., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., & Pollock, C. (2022). Statistical Study of Foreshock Bubbles, Hot Flow Anomalies, and Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies and their Substructures Observed by MMS. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA030029. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030029

18. Zhao, S. Q., Yan, H., Liu, T. Z., Liu, M., and Shi, M. (2021). Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Perturbations in the Radial-field Solar Wind from Parker Solar Probe Observations. ApJ, 923, 253

17. Zhao, S. Q., Zhang, H., Liu, T. Z., Yan, H., Xiao, C. J., Liu, M., et al. (2021). Observations of an electron-cold ion component reconnection at the edge of an ion-scale antiparallel reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029390. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029390

16. Wang C-P, Wang X, Liu TZ, and Lin Y (2021). Impact of Foreshock Transients on the Flank Magnetopause and Magnetosphere and the Ionosphere. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 8:751244. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2021.751244

15. Wang, C.-P., Wang, X., Liu, T. Z., & Lin, Y. (2021). A foreshock bubble driven by an IMF tangential discontinuity: 3D global hybrid simulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL093068. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093068

14. Turner, D. L., L. B. Wilson III, K. A. Goodrich, H. Madanian, S. J. Schwartz, T. Z. Liu, A. Johlander, D. Caprioli, I. J. Cohen1, D. Gershman et al. (2021). Direct Multipoint Observations Capturing the Reformation of a Supercritical Fast Magnetosonic Shock, ApJL, 911, 2

13. Wang, B., Zhang, H., Liu, Z., Liu, T., Li, X., & Angelopoulos, V. (2021). Energy modulations of magnetospheric ions induced by foreshock transient-driven ultralow-frequency waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL093913. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093913

12. Zhao, S. Q., Xiao, C. J., Liu, T. Z., Chen, H., Zhang, H., Shi, M. J., et al. (2021). Observations of the beam‐driven whistler mode waves in the magnetic reconnection region at the dayside magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028525

11. Wang, B., Liu, T., Nishimura, Y., Zhang, H., Hartinger, M., Shi, X., et al. (2020). Global propagation of magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves driven by foreshock transients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA028411. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028411 

10. Wang, C.‐P., Wang, X., Liu, T. Z., & Lin, Y. (2020). Evolution of a foreshock bubble in the midtail foreshock and impact on the magnetopause: 3D global hybrid simulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL089844. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089844

9. Lu, S., Wang, R., Lu, Q. et al. Magnetotail reconnection onset caused by electron kinetics with a strong external driver. Nat Commun 11, 5049 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18787-w

8. Omidi, N., Lee, S. H., Sibeck, D. G., Turner, D. L., Liu, T. Z., & Angelopoulos, V. (2020). Formation and topology of foreshock bubbles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA028058. https:// doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028058

7. Turner, D. L., Liu, T. Z., Wilson, L. B., Cohen, I. J., Gershman, D. G., Fennell, J. F., et al (2020). Microscopic, multipoint characterization of foreshock bubbles with Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027707. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027707

6. Bai, S.‐C., Shi, Q., Liu, T. Z., Zhang, H., Yue, C., Sun, W.‐J., et al. (2020). Ion‐scale flux rope observed inside a hot flow anomaly. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL085933. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085933

5. Zhao, S. Q., Xiao, C. J., Wang, X. G., Pu, Z. Y., Shi, M. J., & Liu, T. Z. (2019). Observation of a large‐amplitude slow magnetosonic wave in the magnetosheath. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, 10200– 10208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026924

4. Wang, C.‐P., Liu, T. Z., Xing, X., & Masson, A. (2018). Multispacecraft observations of tailward propagation of transient foreshock perturbations to midtail magnetosheath. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 9381–9394. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025921

3. Gedalin, M., Zhou, X., Russell, C. T., Drozdov, A. Y., & Liu, T. Z. (2018). Ion dynamics and the shock profile of a low‐Mach number shock. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 8913–8923. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025945

2. Turner D. L., L. B. Wilson III, T. Z. Liu, et al. (2018), Autogenous and efficient acceleration of energetic ions upstream of Earth’s bow shock. Nature, 561, 206, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0472-9

1. Wang, C.-P., R. Thorne, T. Z. Liu, et al. (2017), A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122, 5132–5147, doi:10.1002/2016JA023610.